Who is the most powerful shinobi in history without relying on Otsutsuki powers, bloodline limits, magic eyes, tailed beasts, suicidal techniques, and the like?

Could it be Hiruzen, Minato, one of the revived kages, Gaara, Sakura, Guy or Lee with the 7th Gate, Purple Lightning Kakashi, Kisame, Konan, Ohnoki, Mei, Hanzo, Jiraiya, or Orochimaru?

Out of all the human shinobi without extraordinary abilities, who ranks as the strongest?